What does "consternation" refer to?

The term "consternation" specifically refers to feelings of anxiety or dismay that arise, often unexpectedly, in response to a distressing event or situation. This definition captures the essence of how individuals feel when they encounter a sudden disruption or shocking news that leaves them uncertain or troubled. The emotional response is characterized by confusion and concern, reflecting a profound reaction to something that catches one off guard.

In contrast, the other options present different emotional states that do not align with the meaning of "consternation." Joyful celebration suggests a positive and uplifting experience, while excitement and anticipation imply a forward-looking, positive emotion. Calm acceptance of a situation denotes a sense of peace and resignation, which contrasts sharply with the turmoil suggested by consternation. Thus, the second choice is the only one that accurately embodies the specific feelings associated with this term.